VIRUS is a nano-scaled sub-microscopic, obligate intracellular parasite.

 

 

 

Virus particles are produced from the assembly of pre-formed components, whereas other agents grow from an increase in the integrated sum of their components & reproduce by division.

Virus particles (virions) themselves do not grow or undergo division.

Viruses lack the genetic information which encodes apparatus necessary for the generation of metabolic energy or for protein synthesis (ribosomes).

Virus genomes may contain their genetic information encoded in either DNA or RNA.

 

Dmitri Iwanowski (1864-1920) presented a paper to the St. Petersburg Academy of Science which showed that extracts from diseased tobacco plants could transmit disease to other plants after passage through ceramic filters fine enough to retain the smallest known bacteria in 1892. This is generally recognised as the Beginning of Virology. Unfortunately, Iwanowski did not fully realize the significance of these results.


Martinus Beijerinick (1851-1931) confirmed and extended Iwanowski's results on Tobacco mosaic virus and was the first to develop the modern idea of the virus, which he referred to as "Contagium vivum fluidum ('soluble living germ') ".

 

 
 ORIGIN of VIRUS
 

Case I. Regressive evolution - viruses are degenerate life-forms which have lost many functions that other organisms possess & have only retained the genetic information essential to their parasitic way of life.


Case II. Cellular origins - viruses are sub-cellular, functional assemblies of

macromolecules which have escaped their origins inside cells.


Case III. Independent entities - viruses evolved on a parallel course to cellular organisms from the self-replicating molecules believed to have existed in the primitive prebiotic 'RNA world'.

   
 

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